{"route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/","title":"Math","description":"Documentation for functions related to Math in Typst.","part":null,"outline":[{"id":"summary","name":"Summary","children":[]},{"id":"variables","name":"Variables","children":[]},{"id":"symbols","name":"Symbols","children":[]},{"id":"line-breaks","name":"Line Breaks","children":[]},{"id":"function-calls","name":"Function calls","children":[]},{"id":"alignment","name":"Alignment","children":[]},{"id":"math-fonts","name":"Math fonts","children":[]},{"id":"math-module","name":"Math module","children":[]},{"id":"accessibility","name":"Accessibility","children":[]},{"id":"definitions","name":"Definitions","children":[]}],"body":{"kind":"category","content":{"name":"math","title":"Math","details":"

Typst has special syntax and library functions to typeset\nmathematical formulas. Math formulas can be displayed inline with text or as\nseparate blocks. They will be typeset into their own block if they start and end\nwith at least one space (e.g. $ x^2 $).

\n

Variables

\n

In math, single letters are always displayed as is. Multiple letters, however,\nare interpreted as variables and functions. To display multiple letters\nverbatim, you can place them into quotes and to access single letter variables,\nyou can use the hash syntax.

\n
$ A = pi r^2 $\n$ "area" = pi dot "radius"^2 $\n$ cal(A) :=\n    { x in RR | x "is natural" } $\n#let x = 5\n$ #x < 17 $\n
\"Preview\"
\n

Symbols

\n

Math mode makes a wide selection of symbols like pi,\ndot, or RR available. Many mathematical symbols are available in different\nvariants. You can select between different variants by applying\nmodifiers to the symbol. Typst further recognizes a number of\nshorthand sequences like => that approximate a symbol. When such a shorthand\nexists, the symbol's documentation lists it.

\n
$ x < y => x gt.eq.not y $\n
\"Preview\"
\n

Line Breaks

\n

Formulas can also contain line breaks. Each line can contain one or multiple\nalignment points (&) which are then aligned.

\n
$ sum_(k=0)^n k\n    &= 1 + ... + n \\\n    &= (n(n+1)) / 2 $\n
\"Preview\"
\n

Function calls

\n

Math mode supports special function calls without the hash prefix. In these\n"math calls", the argument list works a little differently than in code:

\n\n
$ frac(a^2, 2) $\n$ vec(1, 2, delim: "[") $\n$ mat(1, 2; 3, 4) $\n$ mat(..#range(1, 5).chunks(2)) $\n$ lim_x =\n    op("lim", limits: #true)_x $\n
\"Preview\"
\n

To write a verbatim comma or semicolon in a math call, escape it with a\nbackslash. The colon on the other hand is only recognized in a special way if\ndirectly preceded by an identifier, so to display it verbatim in those cases,\nyou can just insert a space before it.

\n

Functions calls preceded by a hash are normal code function calls and not\naffected by these rules.

\n

Alignment

\n

When equations include multiple alignment points (&), this creates blocks of\nalternatingly right- and left-aligned columns. In the example below, the\nexpression (3x + y) / 7 is right-aligned and = 9 is left-aligned. The word\n"given" is also left-aligned because && creates two alignment points in a row,\nalternating the alignment twice. & & and && behave exactly the same way.\nMeanwhile, "multiply by 7" is right-aligned because just one & precedes it.\nEach alignment point simply alternates between right-aligned/left-aligned.

\n
$ (3x + y) / 7 &= 9 && "given" \\\n  3x + y &= 63 & "multiply by 7" \\\n  3x &= 63 - y && "subtract y" \\\n  x &= 21 - y/3 & "divide by 3" $\n
\"Preview\"
\n

Math fonts

\n

You can set the math font by with a show-set rule as\ndemonstrated below. Note that only special OpenType math fonts are suitable for\ntypesetting maths.

\n
#show math.equation: set text(font: "Fira Math")\n$ sum_(i in NN) 1 + i $\n
\"Preview\"
\n

Math module

\n

All math functions are part of the math module, which\nis available by default in equations. Outside of equations, they can be accessed\nwith the math. prefix.

\n

Accessibility

\n

To make math accessible, you must provide alternative descriptions of equations\nin natural language using the alt parameter of\nmath.equation. For more information, see the Textual\nRepresentations section of the Accessibility\nGuide.

\n
#math.equation(\n  alt: "d S equals delta q divided by T",\n  block: true,\n  $ dif S = (delta q) / T $,\n)\n
\"Preview\"
\n

In the future, Typst will automatically make equations without alternative\ndescriptions accessible in HTML and PDF 2.0 export.

","items":[{"name":"accent","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/accent/","oneliner":"Attaches an accent to a base.","code":true},{"name":"attach","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/attach/","oneliner":"Subscript, superscripts, and limits.","code":false},{"name":"binom","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/binom/","oneliner":"A binomial expression.","code":true},{"name":"cancel","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/cancel/","oneliner":"Displays a diagonal line over a part of an equation.","code":true},{"name":"cases","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/cases/","oneliner":"A case distinction.","code":true},{"name":"class","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/class/","oneliner":"Forced use of a certain math class.","code":true},{"name":"equation","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/equation/","oneliner":"A mathematical equation.","code":true},{"name":"frac","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/frac/","oneliner":"A mathematical fraction.","code":true},{"name":"lr","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/lr/","oneliner":"Delimiter matching.","code":false},{"name":"mat","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/mat/","oneliner":"A matrix.","code":true},{"name":"op","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/op/","oneliner":"A text operator in an equation.","code":true},{"name":"primes","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/primes/","oneliner":"Grouped primes.","code":true},{"name":"roots","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/roots/","oneliner":"Square and non-square roots.","code":false},{"name":"sizes","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/sizes/","oneliner":"Forced size styles for expressions within formulas.","code":false},{"name":"stretch","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/stretch/","oneliner":"Stretches a glyph.","code":true},{"name":"styles","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/styles/","oneliner":"Alternate letterforms within formulas.","code":false},{"name":"underover","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/underover/","oneliner":"Delimiters above or below parts of an equation.","code":false},{"name":"variants","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/variants/","oneliner":"Alternate typefaces within formulas.","code":false},{"name":"vec","route":"/en-US-v0.14.1/reference/math/vec/","oneliner":"A column vector.","code":true}],"shorthands":null}}}